1. We introduced all of that at 6 months when she started weaning. Obviously some things are easier to eat and chew than others, so she didn't eat much in the way of beans until closer to 10 months (mostly lentils) and she still doesn't eat a whole lot of meat. But all the rest, regularly from 6 months.
2. My daughter has always loved fruit. She would eat nothing but blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, grapes, etc. if we let her. Otherwise, pasta and quiche has always been a big hit. From the first time she tried them around 11 months, she's loved olives and gherkins and pickled onions too!
3. We just offered meat the same way we would eat it - probably roasted or in a stew. Ideally, something not too tough or overcooked. We didn't puree anything.
4. You can always have a spoon and fork around and let her play. My daughter could feed herself with a spoon I loaded for her from around 9 months. I don't think she would have done it before then. She ate with a fork from maybe around 13 ish months.
5. We used a sippy cup from maybe 9 months. Before that, she just couldn't pick it up. Next time, I'd just use a doidy cup or other open top cup and help until they could hold it themselves. I'm not a big fan of sippy cups personally and my daughter found the doidy cup to be easier. Babies do get most of their hydration from breast milk or formula, but the recommendation is offer water with meals if they need a drink (it's a bit harder to get a boob in the mouth while they're strapped in a high chair if they need a drink). I think the recommendation is more just not to replace milk feed with water (some people put water in a bottle and try to give it instead of breastmilk or formula to reduce the number of feeds). If it's just small sips to quench thirst while eating, it shouldn't reduce the number of milk feeds though.