https://www.pregnancyandbaby.com/conception/articles/938531/have-hope-even-after-a-year
DON'T TURN TO ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TOO QUICKLY
Having a hard time conceiving? Take heart! A study presented at a reproductive medicine conference in Vienna, Austria, shows that most healthy couples who haven't achieved pregnancy after one year of trying will ultimately conceive during the second year.
A new perspective
An American team from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in North Carolina analyzed data on 782 couples from seven European cities; they concluded that, even when the woman was aged between 35 and 39, fewer than one in 10 failed to conceive after two years -- unless the male partner was over 40.
Lead investigator Dr. David Dunson suggests that couples should be patient and doctors should not intervene too fast with assisted reproductive techniques unless there are known reasons for a couple not conceiving naturally within a year. He told the annual conference of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology that recent research undertaken by his team showed that fertility in women started to decline as early as the late 20s, and, for men, the late 30s. This was due primarily to declines in the per-menstrual-cycle conception rate, however, and not to an increase in the proportion of couples unable to achieve an unassisted pregnancy. Now, his team has extended their research using data from the European Fecundability Study to see what the implications are for fertility rates overall.
Age matters
"On average, the time to pregnancy increases with the age of the woman," says Dunson. "The percentage failing to conceive within a year ranged from 8 percent for 19- to 26-year-olds, to 13 to 14 percent for 27- to 34-year-olds, to 18 percent for 35- to 39-year-olds." Regardless of age, however, most of the women who failed to conceive within the first 12 cycles did conceive at some point during the next 12. Only 3 percent of 19- to 26-year-olds, 6 percent of 27- to 34-year-olds, and 9 percent of the women who were 35 to 39 years old failed to conceive in the second year, provided the male partner was aged under 40.
Starting in the late 30s though, male age was important: The percentage of failures after one year for women aged 35 to 39 rose from 18 percent to 28 percent if the male partner was over 40. After the second year, the figure was 9 percent with male partners under 40, and 16 percent with male partners over 40.
Hold that thought
Dunson says there were clear increases with age in the number of menstrual cycles needed to achieve pregnancy and in the probability of being classified as "clinically infertile" -- a definition applied after a year of trying to conceive. The research, however, had clearly shown, that among outwardly healthy couples with no known conditions associated with infertility, most who failed to conceive naturally within the first year would conceive naturally in the second year -- regardless of age.
"In the absence of clinical indicators of infertility in addition to a long time to pregnancy, it may be appropriate to delay assisted reproduction until the couple has failed to conceive naturally in 18 to 24 months," says Dunson. "There is a large amount of normal variability in fertility, and many couples having below-average but normal fertility may fail to conceive within a year." This is especially true for "older" couples, many of whom do not conceive within the first year but are successful in the second.
What does this mean to you? Dunson says it is important for doctors to avoid recommending assisted reproduction too soon, especially given well-documented side effects. He suggests, "Fertility treatment, such as IVF and ICSI, can result in an increased risk of multiple pregnancies, pregnancy complications, low birth weight, major birth defects and long-term disability among surviving infants." He also noted that the chance of success with assisted-reproductive technologies (e.g., fertility treatments) decreases with age, while the side effects become more prevalent.