I think there's a difference between fearing a parent and fearing consequences.
Absolutely agree with this. Don't want to bore you with my stories, but I was disciplined with wooden objects. I realize now that fearing my parents (or any adult) was what I learned. It led me to not stand up for myself or tell my parents when a grade 1 teacher wrongly accused me of lying, then took extra money from me, and disciplined me; when the principal came to ask me what happened, I froze and refused to talk because she was the only one in the school who was allowed to hit students.
I never told my parents I made my bro and I late for school once because I fell down a 2 story escalator and you could almost see bones on my shins. Or the time I sprained my ankle. Or the time I very likely fractured a finger. Or the time I was molested. My answer for everything was to hide it all from them because the consequence of telling them would be far worse.
I still have a close relationship with my parents, but some incidents that went too far have left me with PTSD now that I'm a parent. So, for me, it caused long term damages, and in that sense I agree with the article. But mine was crazy bad at times. The last time my dad hit me was when a piece of the stick the size of a pinky broke on impact with my hand (I was 16), and that wasn't even close to the worst times.
I believe a few good open handed slaps on the bum is fine as a last resort. I think most of the older generations were spanked and it's not like we're all anti-social with cognitive problems.
The other thing about the article is that the study suggested spanking decreases grey matters. But I've read books about brain damage from physical or sexual abuse, and those scans actually showed grey matters increase and kinda take over other parts of the brain (thus shrinking those parts). So it seems kinda contradictory to other studies based on the little I've read on this subject, even though it's a slightly different topic, but kind of along the same line.